Which factors are assessed in the Social Studies section of the exam?

The Social Studies section of the exam focuses on a student's understanding of historical events and civic principles because these are foundational aspects of the discipline. Knowledge of historical events enables students to grasp the context of current societies, movements, and governmental structures. This understanding includes recognizing the significance of major events, figures, and ideologies that have shaped civilizations over time.

Civic principles are equally important, as they involve the knowledge of government functions, rights and responsibilities of citizens, and the principles of democracy and justice. Being informed about these civic aspects allows students to participate actively and responsibly in their communities and governments.

Geographical knowledge is indeed a component often integrated into Social Studies, but it is not the sole focus, which rules out the first option. Mathematical calculations and scientific theories pertain to the STEM disciplines and are not relevant to Social Studies, thus excluding the last two choices from being correct.